This chapter explores design of SoTL inquiries through two of Pat Hutchings’s questions: What is? and What works? The chapter shows that most SoTL projects can be thoughtfully organized around these designs without requiring methodological conformity. Picking up a theme from earlier in the book, this chapter describes SoTL as a disciplinary “trading zone.” The chapter encourages openness to diverse epistemologies—from thick, qualitative description to controlled comparisons—while interrogating one’s own assumptions about research methodologies. The What is? section illustrates how descriptive studies generate meaningful accounts of student learning, using examples that analyze reflection in engineering, trace writing development across courses, and examine emotional students’ responses to feedback in multiple countries. The What works? section highlights comparative designs testing effectiveness, such as how active-learning classrooms influence affective engagement and how a metacognitive program correlates with GPA gains beyond motivation. For both types of question, the chapter provides parallel step-by-step design guides. The chapter concludes by encouraging readers to choose designs that fit their own context and professional training.